ACL / PCL / MCL Tear

What is ACL Tear / PCL Tear / MCL Tear?

→ ACL, PCL, and MCL tears are injuries to the major ligaments of the knee joint. These ligaments help stabilize the knee during movement. An ACL tear affects the anterior cruciate ligament (front stabilizer), a PCL tear affects the posterior cruciate ligament (back stabilizer), and an MCL tear affects the medial collateral ligament (inner side of the knee). These injuries commonly occur during sports or sudden movements and can lead to pain, swelling, and instability of the knee.

Causes

→ Sudden twisting or pivoting movements

→ Sports injuries (football, basketball, cricket)

→ Direct blow to the knee

→ Sudden stopping or change in direction

→ Landing incorrectly from a jump

→ Road accidents

Symptoms

→ Knee pain

→ Swelling

→ Instability or “giving way” sensation

→ Difficulty in walking or bearing weight

→ Reduced range of motion

→ Popping sound at the time of injury (especially ACL)

Diagnosis

→ Clinical examination by doctor

→ Ligament stability tests (Lachman test, Drawer test)

→ MRI (to confirm ligament tear)

→ X-ray (to rule out fracture)

Treatment Management

→ RICE protocol (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)

→ Immobilization with knee brace

→ Physiotherapy (strengthening and stability exercises)

→ Pain relief medications

→ Surgical reconstruction (especially for ACL in active individuals)

→ Rehabilitation and gradual return to activity