Kyphosis / Lordosis / Scoliosis

What is Kyphosis / Lordosis / Scoliosis?

→ Kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis are abnormal curvatures of the spine. Kyphosis refers to an excessive outward (forward) curvature of the upper back, giving a hunched posture. Lordosis is an excessive inward curvature of the lower back, causing a swayback appearance. Scoliosis is a sideways (lateral) curvature of the spine, often forming an “S” or “C” shape. These conditions can affect posture, movement, and in severe cases, breathing and organ function.

Causes

→ Congenital spinal abnormalities

→ Poor posture

→ Muscle weakness or imbalance

→ Neuromuscular disorders

→ Degenerative changes with aging

→ Trauma or injury

→ Genetic factors

Symptoms

→ Abnormal posture

→ Visible spinal curvature

→ Back pain

→ Uneven shoulders or hips (in scoliosis)

→ Muscle stiffness

→ Fatigue

→ Difficulty in movement

Diagnosis

→ Clinical examination by doctor

→ Postural assessment

→ X-ray of spine

→ MRI / CT scan (if required)

→ Measurement of spinal curvature (Cobb angle)

Treatment Management

→ Physiotherapy (posture correction, strengthening exercises)

→ Bracing (in growing children)

→ Pain management

→ Lifestyle modifications

→ Regular monitoring

→ Surgery (in severe deformities)