Bell’s Palsy / Facial Palsy

Bell’s Palsy / Facial Palsy

Bell’s palsy, also known as facial palsy, is a sudden weakness or paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face. It occurs due to inflammation or damage of the facial nerve (7th cranial nerve), which controls facial expressions. This condition usually develops rapidly, often overnight, and can cause drooping of the face. It is generally temporary, and most people recover completely with proper treatment.

Causes

→ Viral infections (especially herpes simplex virus)

→ Inflammation of the facial nerve

→ Weak immune system

→ Cold exposure (sometimes linked)

→ Diabetes

→ Upper respiratory infections

→ Stress and fatigue

Symptoms

→ Sudden weakness or paralysis on one side of the face

→ Drooping of mouth and eyelid

→ Inability to close one eye properly

→ Loss of facial expressions

→ Drooling

→ Loss of taste sensation (front part of tongue)

→ Increased sensitivity to sound in one ear

→ Pain around jaw or behind the ear

Diagnosis

→ Physical examination by doctor

→ Assessment of facial muscle movement

→ Medical history review

→ MRI / CT scan (to rule out other conditions)

→ Electromyography (EMG) in some cases

Treatment Management

→ Usually improves on its own within weeks to months

→ Corticosteroid medications (to reduce inflammation)

→ Antiviral drugs (in some cases)

→ Eye care (eye drops, eye patch to prevent dryness)

→ Physiotherapy (facial exercises)

→ Pain relievers if needed

→ Surgery (rare cases)