TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack)

A Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), often called a “mini stroke,” is a temporary interruption of blood flow to a part of the brain. It causes stroke-like symptoms that usually last for a few minutes to a few hours and then completely resolve without permanent damage. However, TIA is a serious warning sign of a future stroke and requires immediate medical evaluation and preventive care.

Causes

→ Temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain

→ Blood clots (thrombus or embolus)

→ Atherosclerosis (narrowing of arteries)

→ High blood pressure

→ Diabetes

→ Heart diseases (like atrial fibrillation)

→ High cholesterol

→ Smoking

Symptoms

→ Sudden weakness or numbness (usually one side of body)

→ Difficulty in speaking or understanding speech

→ Temporary vision loss or blurred vision

→ Facial drooping

→ Loss of balance and coordination

→ Dizziness

→ Symptoms resolve within 24 hours

Diagnosis

→ Clinical examination by doctor

→ MRI / CT scan

→ Blood tests

→ ECG (to check heart rhythm)

→ Carotid ultrasound (to detect blockage)

→ Neurological assessment

Treatment Management

→ Immediate medical evaluation

→ Antiplatelet drugs (to prevent clot formation)

→ Anticoagulants (in some cases)

→ Control of blood pressure, sugar, and cholesterol

→ Lifestyle modifications (healthy diet, exercise, stop smoking)

→ Surgery (like carotid endarterectomy in severe blockage)