Epilepsy

What is Epilepsy?

→ Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. It occurs due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain, which disrupts normal brain function. These seizures can vary from brief lapses of attention to severe convulsions. The condition can affect people of all ages and may impact daily life depending on its severity and frequency.

Causes

→ Genetic factors

→ Brain injury or trauma

→ Brain tumors

→ Stroke

→ Infections (meningitis, encephalitis)

→ Birth defects

→ Unknown cause (in many cases)

Symptoms

→ Recurrent seizures

→ Sudden jerking movements (convulsions)

→ Loss of consciousness

→ Temporary confusion

→ Staring spells

→ Loss of awareness

→ Unusual sensations or behaviors

Diagnosis

→ Clinical examination by doctor

→ EEG (to detect abnormal brain activity)

→ MRI / CT scan of brain

→ Blood tests

→ Neurological assessment

→ Medical history evaluation

Treatment Management

→ Antiepileptic medications (to control seizures)

→ Lifestyle modifications (adequate sleep, avoid triggers)

→ Ketogenic diet (in some cases)

→ Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)

→ Surgery (in severe, drug-resistant cases)

→ Regular follow-up and monitoring