Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

What is Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?

→ Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system attacks the protective covering (myelin sheath) of nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. This damage disrupts the normal flow of electrical signals between the brain and the body, leading to problems with movement, sensation, and coordination. The disease may progress over time and can vary in severity among individuals.

Causes

→ Autoimmune reaction against myelin sheath

→ Genetic factors

→ Environmental factors

→ Viral infections (possible trigger)

→ Vitamin D deficiency

→ Smoking

Symptoms

→ Muscle weakness

→ Numbness or tingling sensations

→ Loss of balance and coordination

→ Vision problems (blurred or double vision)

→ Fatigue

→ Difficulty in walking

→ Tremors

→ Problems with speech

Diagnosis

→ Clinical examination by doctor

→ MRI of brain and spinal cord

→ Lumbar puncture (CSF analysis)

→ Evoked potential tests

→ Blood tests (to rule out other diseases)

→ Neurological assessment

Treatment Management

→ No permanent cure, but symptoms can be managed

→ Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs)

→ Corticosteroids (during relapses)

→ Physiotherapy

→ Occupational therapy

→ Medications for symptom relief

→ Lifestyle modifications and regular exercise