Spina Bifida

What is Spina Bifida?

→ Spina bifida is a congenital condition in which the spinal cord and surrounding structures do not develop properly during fetal growth. It occurs due to incomplete closure of the neural tube, leading to a gap in the spine. This can result in varying degrees of physical and neurological problems, including weakness, paralysis, and difficulties with bladder and bowel control. The severity of the condition depends on the type and location of the defect.

Causes

→ Failure of neural tube closure during early pregnancy

→ Folic acid deficiency

→ Genetic factors

→ Maternal diabetes

→ Certain medications during pregnancy

→ Obesity in mother

→ Environmental factors

Symptoms

→ Weakness or paralysis of lower limbs

→ Loss of sensation

→ Difficulty in walking

→ Deformities of feet or spine

→ Loss of bladder and bowel control

→ Hydrocephalus (in some cases)

→ Learning difficulties (in severe cases)

Diagnosis

→ Prenatal ultrasound

→ Maternal blood tests (AFP levels)

→ MRI / CT scan after birth

→ Physical examination

→ Neurological assessment

Treatment Management

→ Surgery (to close the spinal defect)

→ Physiotherapy and rehabilitation

→ Use of assistive devices (braces, wheelchair)

→ Management of bladder and bowel function

→ Treatment of complications (like hydrocephalus)

→ Lifelong supportive care and monitoring