TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury)

What is Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)?

→ Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a condition caused by a sudden external force or impact to the head that disrupts normal brain function. It can range from mild (concussion) to severe injury and may lead to temporary or permanent impairment in physical, cognitive, and emotional functions. The severity depends on the extent and location of the brain damage.

Causes

→ Road traffic accidents

→ Falls

→ Sports injuries

→ Assault or violence

→ Industrial accidents

→ Blast injuries

Symptoms

→ Headache

→ Loss of consciousness

→ Confusion or disorientation

→ Memory problems

→ Nausea and vomiting

→ Dizziness and balance issues

→ Difficulty in concentration

→ Seizures (in severe cases)

Diagnosis

→ Clinical examination by doctor

→ Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) assessment

→ CT scan / MRI of brain

→ Neurological assessment

→ Cognitive function tests

Treatment Management

→ Immediate emergency care

→ Medications (to reduce swelling, control symptoms)

→ Surgery (in severe cases)

→ Physiotherapy

→ Occupational therapy

→ Speech and cognitive therapy

→ Rehabilitation and long-term care