Transverse Myelitis

What is Transverse Myelitis?

→ Transverse myelitis is a neurological condition characterized by inflammation across both sides of a segment of the spinal cord. This inflammation disrupts the transmission of nerve signals, leading to weakness, sensory disturbances, and problems with bladder and bowel function. The symptoms can develop rapidly or gradually and may vary in severity, sometimes resulting in partial or complete paralysis below the affected level.

Causes

→ Autoimmune disorders

→ Viral or bacterial infections

→ Multiple sclerosis

→ Post-infectious immune reaction

→ Spinal cord inflammation of unknown cause

→ Vaccination-related (rare cases)

Symptoms

→ Sudden onset of muscle weakness

→ Paralysis (partial or complete)

→ Sensory disturbances (numbness, tingling)

→ Pain in back or limbs

→ Loss of bladder and bowel control

→ Spasticity

→ Difficulty in walking

Diagnosis

→ Clinical examination by doctor

→ MRI of spinal cord

→ Lumbar puncture (CSF analysis)

→ Blood tests

→ Neurological assessment

Treatment Management

→ Corticosteroids (to reduce inflammation)

→ Plasma exchange therapy

→ Antiviral or antibiotics (if infection present)

→ Physiotherapy and rehabilitation

→ Occupational therapy

→ Pain management

→ Long-term supportive care